{ "dataset": "AI Career Risk Index", "version": "2026.2", "lastUpdated": "2026-07-02", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "canonicalUrl": "https://aicareer.me/data/ai-career-risk-index/", "publisher": "aicareer.me", "creator": "Paulo Nakanishi", "methodology": { "description": "Our AI risk score is a composite index built on three dimensions derived from peer-reviewed labor economics research, including studies by Frey & Osborne (Oxford), McKinsey Global Institute, and the World Economic Forum's Future of Jobs reports.", "dimensions": [ { "name": "Task Routinization", "weight": "40%" }, { "name": "AI Tool Penetration", "weight": "35%" }, { "name": "Human Judgment Dependency", "weight": "25%" } ] }, "citation": "Paulo Nakanishi. (2026). AI Career Risk Index (v2026.2) [Data set]. aicareer.me. https://aicareer.me/data/ai-career-risk-index/", "careers": [ { "career": "Data Entry Clerk", "slug": "data-entry-clerk", "riskScore": 95, "riskLevel": "Critical", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Data Entry Clerk is currently estimated at 95% — one of the highest of any profession — due to the near-complete automation of repetitive data processing tasks by optical character recognition (OCR), robotic process automation (RPA), and large language models.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/data-entry-clerk/" }, { "career": "Bookkeeper", "slug": "bookkeeper", "riskScore": 90, "riskLevel": "Critical", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Bookkeeper is currently estimated at 90% (Critical). AI-powered accounting platforms such as QuickBooks AI, Xero, and FreshBooks can now automatically categorize transactions, reconcile accounts, and generate financial reports with minimal human intervention, making this one of the most at-risk financial roles.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/bookkeeper/" }, { "career": "Tax Preparer", "slug": "tax-preparer", "riskScore": 88, "riskLevel": "Critical", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Tax Preparer is currently estimated at 88% (Critical). AI-powered tax software can now handle the full preparation workflow for standard individual and small business returns with minimal human intervention, making non-credentialed tax preparation one of the most acutely at-risk occupations in financial services.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/tax-preparer/" }, { "career": "Customer Service Representative", "slug": "customer-service-rep", "riskScore": 82, "riskLevel": "Critical", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Customer Service Representative is currently estimated at 82% (Critical). AI chatbots powered by large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 and Claude are now handling tier-1 and tier-2 customer inquiries with high satisfaction rates, 24/7, at a fraction of the cost of human agents.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/customer-service-rep/" }, { "career": "Administrative Assistant", "slug": "administrative-assistant", "riskScore": 82, "riskLevel": "High Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for an Administrative Assistant is currently estimated at 82% (High Risk). AI-powered scheduling tools, email drafting assistants, and document automation platforms are replacing the core coordination and communication tasks that define the role — making this one of the most impacted white-collar positions in the current AI wave.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/administrative-assistant/" }, { "career": "Accountant", "slug": "accountant", "riskScore": 80, "riskLevel": "Critical", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for an Accountant is currently estimated at 80% (Critical). AI-powered accounting platforms can now automate transaction classification, reconciliation, financial statement preparation, and tax filing for standard business cases, placing high automation pressure on general accounting roles — particularly at the staff and senior accountant levels.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/accountant/" }, { "career": "Paralegal", "slug": "paralegal", "riskScore": 78, "riskLevel": "High Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Paralegal is currently estimated at 78% (High Risk). AI legal research platforms like ROSS Intelligence and contract review tools like LawGeex can analyze thousands of legal documents in seconds, automating the core research and document review tasks that paralegals have traditionally performed.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/paralegal/" }, { "career": "Content Writer", "slug": "content-writer", "riskScore": 76, "riskLevel": "High Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Content Writer is currently estimated at 76% (High Risk). Large language models like GPT-4 and Claude can now generate SEO articles, product descriptions, social media posts, and email copy at a fraction of human cost and time — making routine content production one of the most directly impacted creative functions in 2026.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/content-writer/" }, { "career": "Insurance Underwriter", "slug": "insurance-underwriter", "riskScore": 74, "riskLevel": "High Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for an Insurance Underwriter is currently estimated at 74% (High Risk). AI-powered underwriting platforms can now assess risk profiles, price standard policies, and approve straightforward applications automatically, significantly reducing the need for human underwriters in personal lines and small commercial insurance.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/insurance-underwriter/" }, { "career": "Medical Coder", "slug": "medical-coder", "riskScore": 72, "riskLevel": "High Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Medical Coder is currently estimated at 72% (High Risk). Natural language processing systems trained on clinical documentation can now read physician notes and automatically assign ICD-10 and CPT codes with accuracy rates approaching human performance, driving adoption across major healthcare systems.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/medical-coder/" }, { "career": "Graphic Designer", "slug": "graphic-designer", "riskScore": 72, "riskLevel": "High Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Graphic Designer is currently estimated at 72% (High Risk). Generative AI tools — Midjourney, DALL-E 3, Adobe Firefly, and Canva AI — can now produce professional-quality visual assets in seconds, automating the commodity end of design work. Designers who pivot to brand strategy, UX/UI, and art direction retain strong market value.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/graphic-designer/" }, { "career": "Loan Officer", "slug": "loan-officer", "riskScore": 65, "riskLevel": "Moderate", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Loan Officer is currently estimated at 65% (Moderate). Automated underwriting systems and AI-powered credit scoring models can now assess creditworthiness and approve straightforward loan applications in minutes, though complex commercial lending and relationship-driven advisory work remain human-dependent.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/loan-officer/" }, { "career": "IT Support Specialist", "slug": "it-support-specialist", "riskScore": 65, "riskLevel": "Moderate", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for an IT Support Specialist is currently estimated at 65% (Moderate). AI-powered helpdesk tools and chatbots now handle tier-1 support tickets, password resets, and common troubleshooting automatically, though complex infrastructure issues, on-site support, and security incidents remain human-dependent.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/it-support-specialist/" }, { "career": "Real Estate Agent", "slug": "real-estate-agent", "riskScore": 65, "riskLevel": "High Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Real Estate Agent is currently estimated at 65% (High Risk). AI-powered valuation tools, automated listing generation, and virtual showing platforms are replacing the information-brokerage function that historically justified agent fees. Agents who pivot to investment advisory, negotiation, and complex deal structuring retain strong value.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/real-estate-agent/" }, { "career": "Sales Representative", "slug": "sales-representative", "riskScore": 58, "riskLevel": "Moderate", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Sales Representative is currently estimated at 58% (Moderate). While AI tools now handle lead qualification, outreach personalization, and initial contact at scale, complex B2B deals, relationship-driven enterprise sales, and high-stakes negotiations remain strongly human-dependent.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/sales-representative/" }, { "career": "HR Manager", "slug": "hr-manager", "riskScore": 58, "riskLevel": "Moderate", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for an HR Manager is currently estimated at 58% (Moderate). AI tools are automating the administrative and transactional functions of HR — resume screening, scheduling, onboarding paperwork, and policy Q&A — while the strategic, cultural, and legally complex dimensions of the role remain deeply human-dependent. The split within HR is stark: administrative HR coordinators face high displacement, while strategic HR business partners are well-protected.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/hr-manager/" }, { "career": "Financial Analyst", "slug": "financial-analyst", "riskScore": 55, "riskLevel": "Moderate", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Financial Analyst is currently estimated at 55% (Moderate). AI tools now automate financial modeling templates, earnings analysis, and market data aggregation, compressing junior analyst workloads significantly. However, investment thesis development, client advisory work, and complex valuation judgment remain strongly human-dependent.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/financial-analyst/" }, { "career": "Data Analyst", "slug": "data-analyst", "riskScore": 45, "riskLevel": "Moderate", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Data Analyst is currently estimated at 45% (Moderate). AI tools can now automate data cleaning, generate SQL queries from natural language, and produce standard reports automatically. However, defining business questions, interpreting results in context, and communicating insights to stakeholders remain deeply human skills.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/data-analyst/" }, { "career": "Investment Banker", "slug": "investment-banker", "riskScore": 42, "riskLevel": "Moderate", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for an Investment Banker is currently estimated at 42% (Moderate). AI is compressing junior banker workloads by automating pitch book creation, financial model templates, and comparable analysis, but the core of investment banking — deal origination, client relationships, negotiation, and regulatory navigation — remains deeply human and relationship-driven.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/investment-banker/" }, { "career": "Software Developer", "slug": "software-developer", "riskScore": 38, "riskLevel": "Low Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Software Developer is currently estimated at 38% (Low Risk). While AI coding assistants like GitHub Copilot and Cursor can generate boilerplate code and automate repetitive programming tasks, software development still requires complex system design, architectural judgment, debugging, and cross-functional collaboration that AI cannot fully replicate.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/software-developer/" }, { "career": "Teacher", "slug": "teacher", "riskScore": 35, "riskLevel": "Low Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Teacher is currently estimated at 35% (Low Risk). Teaching is one of the most human-dependent professions — social-emotional connection, mentorship, classroom management, and the ability to read and respond to individual student needs in real time are capabilities that remain far beyond current AI. AI tools automate administrative and routine instructional tasks, but the core act of human teaching is protected by its irreducible social nature.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/teacher/" }, { "career": "Product Manager", "slug": "product-manager", "riskScore": 32, "riskLevel": "Low Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Product Manager is currently estimated at 32% (Low Risk). AI tools automate user research synthesis, backlog grooming assistance, and metrics dashboards, but product management is fundamentally a role of strategic judgment, stakeholder alignment, and customer empathy — capabilities where AI remains a tool, not a replacement.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/product-manager/" }, { "career": "Cybersecurity Analyst", "slug": "cybersecurity-analyst", "riskScore": 28, "riskLevel": "Low Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Cybersecurity Analyst is currently estimated at 28% (Low Risk). While AI automates threat detection, log analysis, and vulnerability scanning, cybersecurity is a fundamentally adversarial field where human judgment, creative threat modeling, and incident response leadership remain irreplaceable — and demand continues to significantly outpace supply.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/cybersecurity-analyst/" }, { "career": "Registered Nurse", "slug": "registered-nurse", "riskScore": 22, "riskLevel": "Low Risk", "summary": "The AI replacement risk for a Registered Nurse is currently estimated at 22% (Low Risk) — one of the most AI-resilient professions in the current landscape. Clinical nursing requires physical dexterity, real-time patient assessment, emotional intelligence, and high-stakes judgment that AI cannot replicate. AI tools are transforming nursing by automating documentation and monitoring tasks, freeing nurses to focus on direct patient care where human presence is irreplaceable.", "url": "https://aicareer.me/risk/registered-nurse/" } ] }